So, the story began with a debate between Dan Wallace and Bart Ehrman in 2012. Yes. It’s been fourteen years. But anyway. I first covered this in 2012 under Amazing Proofs of Jesus! and updated it in 2017 in an article about how not to be duped by myths like this, From Lead Codices to Mummy Gospels: Essential Links on Dubious Tales, which went over several examples but concluded with the mythical “Mummy Gospel of Mark.” I noted then that it was “dirty fucking pool, citing evidence” in a live debate “that has never been published before, and never gone through peer review, and that Ehrman couldn’t even have examined or known anything about” to try and “win” the argument that we “have” manuscripts of Mark dating to the first century. It was all bogus. Wallace claimed it came from mummy masks, and rumor had it, in the Green collection—the Hobby Lobby Bible Museum people (whose collection we’d later learn was tainted with frauds). But none of that is true.
The Spin Up
Eventually we would learn: zero Gospels came from mummy masks; and none date to the first century. But it took many years before those beans were spilled.
I followed my 2017 article up with The Mummy Gospel Isn’t Even a Mummy Gospel!? Updates on That Supposed First Century Manuscript of Mark, by which time we learned Wallace was just repeating bollocks told him by other Christian apologists maybe a year earlier, in 2011 (details in the link). Supposedly someone just saw an actual unpublished manuscript of Mark on Oxford papyrologist Dirk Obbink’s table next to mummy masks and somehow (?) confused them. And the jury is still out on whether the “first century” claim was a telephone game (where “maybe” got transformed into “definitely”) or a deliberate lie Obbink told them—because, surprise, Obbink would turn out to be shady as fuck. As we learned when indeed the truth all came out: that the manuscript in question was actually from around 200 A.D. give or take a few decades, and not “first century” and not from mummy masks or the Green collection. I covered all that soon after in Bullshit from Day One: The First Century Gospel Is a Third Century Gospel.
But before this all came out, the whole industry was abuzz over what this “missing” first century mummy Gospel could be, where it could be, why it wasn’t published, and so on. The rumor that it was in the Green collection could explain why it wasn’t published (shady fat cat collectors often hide their finds for fear of getting busted buying illegal antiquities). And that rumor had some teeth. Because it would turn out the Green collection was trying to buy this manuscript, and some anonymous collector did instead, all unaware that Obbink was illegally selling it to get rich. Though he claims he was framed (in my opinion a wildly implausible defense here), he’s since been arrested and is under criminal investigation for a broad scheme to sell off dozens of Oxford papyri, and was successfully sued by Hobby Lobby for this scheme, losing to the tune of seven million dollars because he evaded process and never showed up in court. Which tells you a lot. But which also can explain why this was being “pitched” as a first century fragment—to goose its dark money market price.
But no one knew this yet. At the time, all that was known was that there was supposedly such a manuscript being studied by Obbink that contained parts of Mark 1. So when people dug up a story about a mummy Gospel fragment of Mark 15, it was known that that had to be different, though it was odd that it should also be connected to mummies. Nevertheless, experts ran that to ground and uncovered it as a myth: called the Fackelmann fraud, it was not a Gospel at all, but a pre-Christian manuscript from mummy cartonnage that was being fraudulently claimed to have text from Mark 15 (see The Nongbri Revelation).
But in the midst of all this whirlwind, A Missing Third Fragment entered the fray. Yes, a third first century Gospel of Mark! Already in 2012. Of course the first one wasn’t first century or a mummy Gospel, and the second one was made up. But what about the third? Glimmer of hope maybe?? This was a piece of Mark 5, so not the Obbink scam or the Fackelmann fraud. Could this one be real? No one could find it. There was only one photo of it that circulated online and was tracked to a mysterious since-deleted Facebook page. Those who followed this story will remember that image:

Some gullible Christian apologists did thirst over this, suggesting it could be first century and authentic and must just be hidden in some dark money collection somewhere. But experts were pretty unanimously not buying it. My own observations in 2012 matched that of others that “it’s far more likely to be a fake” and even “the best argument against it being fake is that it was so badly faked: the papyrus shows no fray lines, the scribal lines are not evenly spaced, the lettering is inconsistent, and there are no other typical indicators of authenticity.” But who faked it? Where was it? And hey, that’s just, like, an opinion, man. Could we prove it was a fake?
The Wind Down
Well. Here’s the news. I had dinner recently with its forger. He plopped it right down on the table. I won’t name him. This was always just a prank to see how easily people could be fooled with minimal effort. It wasn’t sellable (you’ll see why in a minute) so he couldn’t pull an Obbink with it. He is not in the industry and has no relevant credentials in papyrology or forgery. It was literally just a garage craft project by an HVAC repairman. A work of performance art really, right out of the pages of Duchamp or Warhol or Haaning. To document all this I took my own photos of it (next to my beer for context):

And now for the big reveal:

That’s right. You’re not seeing things. That second photo is of the object turned around so you can see the back of it, revealing that this supposed papyrus fragment is actually a piece of bark from a tree.
So, thanks to that kind man bringing this in and telling me its story, I can now prove conclusively to you that this “first century fragment of Mark” is assuredly a twenty-first century fake. Which lets me put the entire “first century Gospel” myth to bed.
You’re welcome.
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Who paid for the beer?
My guest.
Nice one, centurian!
Only the true fragment denies its originality
And they wonder why people are leaving the faith.
A religion that’s true doesn’t need to use hoaxes to prove it’s true.
Well, in this case, it wasn’t a believer running a con, just an artist proving a point (about believers’ gullibility).
But it is true that, from the example of the incompetent buffoonery of Wallace that thousands fell for because they wanted it to be true (as he did), gullibility is a requirement of belief. And that should not be the case for something that was true.
I was not aware of the controversy so I briefly searched the topic and came across Wallace’s apology on May 23, 2018 {https://danielbwallace.com/2018/05/23/first-century-mark-fragment}. Although the apology takes courage what struck me was that he said his integrity was never in question because he did not know that he was putting out false information. His only fault was not verifying what he had been told.
Is that not the excuse for christian orthodoxy in its entirety? They justify themselves as having done nothing wrong in promoting falsehoods (for 2000 years) other than pass along what they themselves failed to verify. Specifically, promoting the four Gospel myths as history! Their integrity allegedly remains intact because they were not the originator of the falsehoods. Nevertheless, falsehoods have been promoted by them, continue to be promoted by them, because that is what they were told by others before them.
It reminds me of the saying attributed to the mythical Jesus that the Pharisee went out to make disciples for the devil by promoting misinterpretations of scripture for others to believe that they themselves had first believed. Apparently, nothing has changed in Two thousand years…until your critical work!
It’s recklessness. Which they don’t recognize as an apologizable folly. Which is why they are believers. They lack a functional epistemology.
It’s even worse in this case, because it is explicitly unethical to use unverified non-public information in a public debate with an opponent lacking access to the information you are alleging (and, as it happens, “you didn’t even responsibly verify”). Exploiting information disparity in a debate over the truth is immoral. An ethical (professional) behavior here would be to acknowledge the claim is awaiting public academic verification and thus too unsecure to prevail as a point in that debate (or to not mention it at all for that reason, properly waiting for the data to be ripe before using it).
So you are right to point out the unethical recklessness in not doing proper diligence before assigning total confidence to something. But I was noting something else besides: that he hasn’t apologized (and doesn’t even think he needs to apologize) for blindsiding an opponent in a debate with unverified information as if it were a professional fact. He was trying to win, not tell the truth. And that is itself a sin (pride, bearing false witness, violating the Golden Rule), even by his own supposed ethics.
And we all can tell that from the Golden Rule.
Look at how annoyed so many Christians and other theists get at atheists who affirm a concrete conviction that God doesn’t exist. “How can you be so sure?!”, they’ll say. “That’s arrogant! Even you have to admit there’s a tiny chance you can be wrong! You should just call yourself an agnostic!”
They are annoyed at what they are (falsely) arguing is epistemic arrogance. Holding and defending a claim beyond what the present evidence can support.
But it’s totally okay for them to do it, apparently.
(And, of course, no one likes getting ambushed in a debate. Apologists will whine about that kind of dirty pool when it happens to them).
Yep, and to be clear, that obviously was my point. The fact that they “fell” for a hoaxer (and indeed there was a motivated reason they did so, so they were both grifter and grifted), in order to defend a position that is already weak sauce anyways (“Our manuscripts are early, therefore a guy really magically raised from the dead and we actually have an accurate rendition of what was said and believed by this movement” is laughable on its face and worse because its major premise is false) is not consistent with a true belief system.
That’s just brilliant.
Even if it was real, it wouldn’t prove or say anything about Jesus. It would be well within the estimated timelines for Mark being written, and sensible people agree you can get a heavily mythologised Jesus within that timeframe easily, or a euhemerised one.
An unredacted stash of Paul’s letters would be a much more interesting find, unfortunately it’s unlikely to happen, but you never know. I think it’s clear that the letters were redacted because there was a tonne of embarrassing material.
This is priceless.
We need to carbon date that bark! 😉
Can you clarify that, in the first sentence of “The Spin Up,” when you state “ … and none [Gospels] date to the first century”, that you are referring to Gospel manuscripts and not to the Gospels themselves? That threw me when I first read it.
Correct.
Thank you.
I agree Gospels were written in the 1st century. So it’s worth pointing this out to forestall confusion. But even Ehrman agreed with that in the debate, so it wasn’t what Wallace was trying to score on.
Mark was the first in probably the late 70s; Matthew 80s or 90s; and though Luke and John are almost certainly 2nd century, proto-John could be late 1st (leading experts on John agree, as do I, that our John is a heavy redaction of a lost original of a substantially different character, but the lost layer is impossible to date in any confident way).
But… But … What if this “HVAC repairman” was in fact showing you HIS convincing fake of the “”REAL”” fragment?! To … um … throw you off “the scent”?
Okay, now my head hurts.
Thanks for the update!
Obbink has never been tried in britain in a criminal court. He protests his innocence – true he was releast under investigation (RUI) but no convictions. he’s alleged to hav forged provenance not the material itself. innocent until proved guilty. a default judgment from and american court? Hardly flies, does it now?
The evidence is overwhelming (I link to several articles surveying it, and there are more; the civil complaint contains a lot of it, too), while the evidence for his being “framed” is nonexistent. Had he any, he’d have presented it. He avoided even being compelled to in court. That’s admission of guilt as far as I’m concerned.
As far as why the authorities keep the case open with no progress, odds are, this is privilege janking the wheels of justice.